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Figure 1 is a picture of some letters shifted over by 3 spaces. If you shift the letter A by two spaces, you get the letter C. If you shift the letter A by one space, you get the letter B. In this cipher, you encrypt a message by taking each letter in the message (in cryptography, these letters are called symbols because they can be letters, numbers, or any other sign) and replacing it with a "shifted" letter. The Caesar Cipher was one of the earliest ciphers ever invented. Unless you know the key (that is, know the number), you will not be able to decrypt the encrypted message. The key for our Caesar Cipher will be a number from 1 to 26. When we encrypt a message using a cipher, we will choose the key that is used to encrypt and decrypt this message. The Caesar Cipherįigure 1: Shifting over letters by three spaces. Although all the door locks of the same type are built the same, but a particular lock will only unlock if you have the key made for that lock. Think of the cipher as being like a door lock. Keys are secret values that let you decrypt ciphertext that was encrypted using a specific cipher. (Decryption is the opposite of encryption.) Here is an example of some ciphertext:Ĭkkz fkx kj becqnejc kqp pdeo oaynap iaoowca!īut if we know about the cipher used to encrypt the message, we can decrypt the ciphertext back to the plaintext. The ciphertext looks like random letters (also called garbage data), and we cannot understand what the original plaintext was by just looking at the ciphertext. The plaintext is encrypted into the ciphertext. When we convert the plaintext into the encoded message, we call this encrypting the plaintext. Hello there! The keys to the house are hidden under the reddish flower pot. The plaintext could look something like this: In cryptography, we call the message that we want to be secret the plaintext. There are thousands of different ciphers that have been used, each using different techniques to keep the messages a secret. Cryptography has been used for thousands of years to send secret messages that only the recipient could understand, even if someone captured the messenger and read the coded message. The science of writing secret codes is called cryptography. We will also learn how programs can do math with text strings just as it can with numbers. Only someone who is knowledgeable about secret codes will be able to understand our secret messages.īecause this program manipulates text in order to convert it into secret messages, we will learn several new functions and methods that come with Lua for manipulating strings. The program in this tutorial will convert normal English into a secret code, and also convert secret codes back into regular English again. Ciphertext, plaintext, keys, and symbols.Thanks Al! :) Topics Covered In This Tutorial: Translated to Lua from chapter 14 of Invent Your Own Computer Games with Python by Al Sweigart, licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0.
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